What is FAR Part 135?
Understanding the FAA regulations that govern commercial charter operations and why they matter for your safety.
Overview
FAR Part 135 (Federal Aviation Regulations Part 135) is the set of rules established by the FAA that governs commuter and on-demand commercial air operations in the United States. When you charter a private jet, you're flying with an operator that must be certified under Part 135.
These regulations ensure higher safety standards than private (Part 91) operations through stricter requirements for pilot training, aircraft maintenance, and operational procedures. The FAA regularly audits Part 135 operators to ensure compliance.
Why It Matters to You
When chartering a private jet, always confirm the operator holds a valid Part 135 certificate. Flying on an aircraft operating under Part 91 for compensation is illegal and may mean significantly lower safety standards. Ask your provider to verify the operator's Part 135 certification.
Part 135 Requirements
Pilot Requirements
- Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate for captain
- Commercial pilot certificate minimum for first officer
- Type rating in specific aircraft operated
- Annual proficiency checks
- Rest requirements (more restrictive than Part 91)
- Drug and alcohol testing program
Maintenance Requirements
- Detailed maintenance tracking programs
- Regular inspections at specified intervals
- Continuous airworthiness maintenance programs (CAMP)
- Approved maintenance facilities
- Documented parts and service records
- Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) compliance
Operational Requirements
- Operations specifications from FAA
- Flight operations manual
- Crew training programs
- Weather minimums more restrictive than Part 91
- Flight locating procedures
- Passenger briefing requirements
Aircraft Requirements
- Additional emergency equipment
- Interior materials fire resistance standards
- Cockpit voice recorders (some aircraft)
- Flight data recorders (some aircraft)
- Regular inspections and audits
- Specific equipment for IFR operations
Part 91 vs Part 135 Comparison
| Aspect | Part 91 (Private) | Part 135 (Charter) |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Private, non-commercial flights | Commercial charter operations |
| Pilot Training | Basic proficiency requirements | Annual proficiency checks, recurrent training |
| Rest Requirements | Minimal restrictions | Strict duty time and rest requirements |
| Maintenance | Annual inspection minimum | Continuous maintenance programs |
| Weather Minimums | VFR/IFR minimums | Higher minimums, more restrictions |
| FAA Oversight | Limited | Regular audits and inspections |
| Insurance Required | Not mandated | Required for commercial operations |
| Drug Testing | Not required | Random drug testing required |
Gray Market Warning
Some operators illegally fly charter passengers under Part 91 to avoid the stricter Part 135 requirements. This is called "gray market" charter and puts passengers at risk. Always verify your flight is operating under Part 135.